{"id":118,"date":"2025-04-21T09:45:12","date_gmt":"2025-04-21T07:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/?p=118"},"modified":"2025-04-22T12:25:58","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T10:25:58","slug":"1985-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/archives\/118","title":{"rendered":"1985: \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631: \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01985\u00a0\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1975-1990). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01982\u00a0\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a01975\u00a0\u06481977\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a01977\u00a0\u06481983\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221;. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0629&#8221;. \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 (1978)<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a (1982) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; (1985). \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a>. \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01983\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.&#8221; \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01985\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-122 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-1024x593.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-768x445.jpg 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-1536x889.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a 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\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a<a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0629<a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 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name=\"_ednref16\">[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (1980-1988)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 &#8220;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646\u00a0210000\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01980\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a065000\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01987\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 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srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/04.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/04-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/04-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/04-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/04-1536x1151.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 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name=\"_ednref36\">[36]<\/a>. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629<a href=\"#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 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href=\"#_edn43\" name=\"_ednref43\">[43]<\/a>\u00a0\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a<a href=\"#_edn44\" name=\"_ednref44\">[44]<\/a>\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631&#8221;. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c 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href=\"#_edn57\" name=\"_ednref57\">[57]<\/a>&#8220;. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u00a010\u00a0\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<a href=\"#_edn58\" name=\"_ednref58\">[58]<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-128 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/08.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/08.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/08-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/08-1024x817.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/08-768x613.jpg 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/08-1536x1226.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0648\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 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right;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u00a012\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a01985<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u00a012\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0630 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_edn59\" name=\"_ednref59\">[59]<\/a>. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u00a012\u00a0\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628<a href=\"#_edn60\" name=\"_ednref60\">[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-129 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/09.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/09-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/09-1024x540.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/09-768x405.jpg 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/09-1536x810.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_edn61\" name=\"_ednref61\">[61]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 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right;\">\u00a0\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-132 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/12.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/12.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/12-300x241.jpg 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/12-1024x822.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/12-768x616.jpg 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/12-1536x1233.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a027\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Abi Habib, Roula &#8220;L\u2019action de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Travailleurs Libanais de 1975 \u00e0 1992: Port\u00e9e et Limites.&#8221; Annales de Sociologie et d\u2019Anthropologie, 1997, no. 6-7, pp. 77-109.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01939\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u00a0FENASOL\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Bou Khater, Lea. The Labour Movement in Lebanon: Power on Hold. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2022<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u00a01978\u00a015\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Bou Khater, Lea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Abi Habib, Roula.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Bou Khater, Lea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01981\u00a0\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u00a015%\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.\u00a0\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u00a010000\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u064830000\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00a015000\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. (\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.\u00a0<em>\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u00a0<\/em><em>1970<\/em><em>&#8211;<\/em><em>1990<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a:\u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c\u00a02013)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c\u00a07\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u00a02024<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c\u00a02008<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u00a028\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a01985.\u00a0\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u062c\u0639\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0648&#8221;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u062c\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c\u00a014\u00a0\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u00a02024<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0631:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a01\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0631:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a05\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01973\u00a0\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621.\u00a0\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u064e \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01983\u00a0\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649\u00a01993\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01998\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a09\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a07\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a09\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u00a017\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a012\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a08\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a013\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a04\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c\u00a009\u00a0\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0631:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629:\u00a0\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a021\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a027\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref41\" name=\"_edn41\">[41]<\/a>\u00a0Abi-Habib, Roula<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref42\" name=\"_edn42\">[42]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221;\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639&#8221;\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c\u00a022\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref43\" name=\"_edn43\">[43]<\/a>\u00a0\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u00a0252\u00a0\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:\u00a0\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a021\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref47\" name=\"_edn47\">[47]<\/a>\u00a0\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645&#8230;\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a023\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref48\" name=\"_edn48\">[48]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639&#8221;\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631:\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u00a06\u00a0\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c\u00a027\u00a0\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref53\" name=\"_edn53\">[53]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref54\" name=\"_edn54\">[54]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0631:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a014\u00a0\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref55\" name=\"_edn55\">[55]<\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a010\u00a0\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u00a01985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ednref56\" name=\"_edn56\">[56]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":177,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118\/revisions\/177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}