{"id":179,"date":"2025-07-29T23:02:50","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T21:02:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/?p=179"},"modified":"2025-07-29T23:02:50","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T21:02:50","slug":"%d9%86%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/archives\/179","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><em><strong><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631<\/span><\/strong>: <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/span>(1982\u20131990)<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a<span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1985\u00a0<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648<\/span>1987<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064b \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u064d\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>1982-1990. <\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><em><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 <\/span>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/span>: <\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><em><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 <\/span>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b <\/span>(<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627<span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8220;) <\/em><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><em><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a <\/span>(<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/span>). <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><em><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a<span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/publications\/3702\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 <\/a>\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/archives\/118\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span>1985<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0631\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-185 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2132\" height=\"1125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-1.png 2132w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-1-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-1-1024x540.png 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-1-768x405.png 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-1-1536x811.png 1536w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-1-2048x1081.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2132px) 100vw, 2132px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>77 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c <\/span><\/span>57% <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<a href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\">1<\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#sdfootnote2sym\" name=\"sdfootnote2anc\">2<\/a><\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote3sym\" name=\"sdfootnote3anc\">3<\/a><\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<a href=\"#sdfootnote4sym\" name=\"sdfootnote4anc\">4<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8221; (Office of Social Development) <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote5sym\" name=\"sdfootnote5anc\">5<\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<a href=\"#sdfootnote6sym\" name=\"sdfootnote6anc\">6<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0651\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<a href=\"#sdfootnote7sym\" name=\"sdfootnote7anc\">7<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>12 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648<\/span><\/span>15 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <\/span><\/span>1987. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/span><\/span>: <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-184 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2117\" height=\"1092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-1.png 2117w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-1-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-1-1024x528.png 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-1-768x396.png 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-1-1536x792.png 1536w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-1-2048x1056.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2117px) 100vw, 2117px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a name=\"_Hlk197368848\"><\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 <\/span><\/span>11\/73 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1973<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 <\/span><\/span>11\/73 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1978<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#sdfootnote8sym\" name=\"sdfootnote8anc\">8<\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a name=\"_Hlk197368904\"><\/a><a name=\"_Hlk197368828\"><\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627<a href=\"#sdfootnote9sym\" name=\"sdfootnote9anc\">9<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1981 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a<a href=\"#sdfootnote10sym\" name=\"sdfootnote10anc\">10<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f <\/span>\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span>. &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/span>. &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0640<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/span>. &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<span lang=\"ar-LB\"> \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/span>\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/span>. &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span>1984-1985. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<a href=\"#sdfootnote11sym\" name=\"sdfootnote11anc\">11<\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-186 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1830\" height=\"1234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-2.png 1830w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-2-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-2-1024x691.png 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-2-768x518.png 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-2-1536x1036.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1830px) 100vw, 1830px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1985<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>22 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062f<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/span>18 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"#sdfootnote12sym\" name=\"sdfootnote12anc\">12<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a name=\"_Hlk197369155\"><\/a><a name=\"_Hlk197369225\"><\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-196 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-2-3-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-2-3-1.png 1500w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-2-3-1-248x300.png 248w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-2-3-1-845x1024.png 845w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-2-3-1-768x931.png 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-2-3-1-1267x1536.png 1267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote13sym\" name=\"sdfootnote13anc\">13<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a name=\"_Hlk197369303\"><\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a name=\"_Hlk197369283\"><\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1982 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>87 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>455 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644<\/span><\/span>.<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>655 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>1987<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a <\/span><\/span>80.9% <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>487%<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>19 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637<a href=\"#sdfootnote14sym\" name=\"sdfootnote14anc\">14<\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>210000 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1980 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>65000 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8211;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>2254 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1980 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>300 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>147 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>1987. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><\/span>35% <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1974. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>27% <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1974. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>12% <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1980 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>35% <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#sdfootnote15sym\" name=\"sdfootnote15anc\">15<\/a><\/span><\/span>1989. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-187 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1431\" height=\"1092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-3.png 1431w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-3-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-3-1024x781.png 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-3-768x586.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1431px) 100vw, 1431px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 <\/span>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u2014\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u2014\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote16sym\" name=\"sdfootnote16anc\">16<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a name=\"_Hlk197369373\"><\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>1 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/span>1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>18 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 <\/span><\/span>1987<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u062a\u062d<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a <\/span><\/span>4 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 <\/span><\/span>195 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0647\u0648 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0645 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647<a href=\"#sdfootnote17sym\" name=\"sdfootnote17anc\">17<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote18sym\" name=\"sdfootnote18anc\">18<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a<a href=\"#sdfootnote19sym\" name=\"sdfootnote19anc\">19<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-194 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-4-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-4-4.png 1500w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-4-4-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-4-4-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-4-4-768x613.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u062d\u0634\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 <\/span><\/span>&#8211; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8211; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0651 \u062f<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span>. &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 <\/span><\/span>ABF <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<a href=\"#sdfootnote20sym\" name=\"sdfootnote20anc\">20<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633<a href=\"#sdfootnote21sym\" name=\"sdfootnote21anc\">21<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062e\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633<a href=\"#sdfootnote22sym\" name=\"sdfootnote22anc\">22<\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a<a href=\"#sdfootnote23sym\" name=\"sdfootnote23anc\">23<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-197 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1839\" height=\"1046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-4.png 1839w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-4-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-4-1024x582.png 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-4-768x437.png 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-4-1536x874.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1839px) 100vw, 1839px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0645<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote24sym\" name=\"sdfootnote24anc\">24<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647<a href=\"#sdfootnote25sym\" name=\"sdfootnote25anc\">25<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote26sym\" name=\"sdfootnote26anc\">26<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0651\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote27sym\" name=\"sdfootnote27anc\">27<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641<\/span><\/span>&#8211;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u0632\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062e\u062e\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>12-10-1987 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>15-10-1987&#8243;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u2013 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0647\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>6 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062d\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#sdfootnote28sym\" name=\"sdfootnote28anc\">28<\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote29sym\" name=\"sdfootnote29anc\">29<\/a><\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 <\/span><\/span>12 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0633 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/span>&#8211; 15 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <\/span><\/span>1987&#8243;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631<\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote30sym\" name=\"sdfootnote30anc\">30<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<a href=\"#sdfootnote31sym\" name=\"sdfootnote31anc\">31<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-198 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1845\" height=\"1692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-5.png 1845w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-5-300x275.png 300w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-5-1024x939.png 1024w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-5-768x704.png 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/collage-5-1536x1409.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1845px) 100vw, 1845px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u063a\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0628\u0651\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062d\u0645<a href=\"#sdfootnote32sym\" name=\"sdfootnote32anc\">32<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote33sym\" name=\"sdfootnote33anc\">33<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>11 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062a\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote34sym\" name=\"sdfootnote34anc\">34<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>18 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a name=\"_Hlk197369413\"><\/a><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-193 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1409\" height=\"1710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-5.png 1409w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-5-247x300.png 247w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-5-844x1024.png 844w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-5-768x932.png 768w, https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/quote-5-1266x1536.png 1266w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1409px) 100vw, 1409px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 <\/span><\/span>44 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a name=\"_Hlk197369462\"><\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u062f<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a<\/span><\/span>: &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f <\/span><\/span>12 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u061b \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote35sym\" name=\"sdfootnote35anc\">35<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#sdfootnote36sym\" name=\"sdfootnote36anc\">36<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0624\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061b \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642<a href=\"#sdfootnote37sym\" name=\"sdfootnote37anc\">37<\/a><\/span><\/span>&#8220;. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0635\u062d\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627<a href=\"#sdfootnote38sym\" name=\"sdfootnote38anc\">38<\/a><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644<a href=\"#sdfootnote39sym\" name=\"sdfootnote39anc\">39<\/a><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1993<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1994 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0651\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0648<\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 <\/span><\/span>220\/2000 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> <span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0651 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p><a href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a> Kabbara, Nawaf. &#8220;Non-violent Resistance and Reform in Lebanon: The Experience of the Lebanese Disability Movement.&#8221; Accord, no. 24, July 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote2\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote2anc\" name=\"sdfootnote2sym\">2<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1984 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote3\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote3anc\" name=\"sdfootnote3sym\">3<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/span>&#8221; (<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span>)<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span>1976<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span>1985 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1985.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote4\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote4anc\" name=\"sdfootnote4sym\">4<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>1 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/span><\/span>1954. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1959 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>: <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1977 <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote5\">\n<p><a href=\"#sdfootnote5anc\" name=\"sdfootnote5sym\">5<\/a> Kingston, Paul W. T. Reproducing Sectarianism: Advocacy Networks and the Politics of Civil Society in Postwar Lebanon. New York: State University of New York Press, 2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote6\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote6anc\" name=\"sdfootnote6sym\">6<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>1988<span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627<\/span><span lang=\"ar-LB\"> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(DPOs) <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote7\">\n<p><a href=\"#sdfootnote7anc\" name=\"sdfootnote7sym\">7<\/a> Kabbara, Nawaf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote8\">\n<p><a href=\"#sdfootnote8anc\" name=\"sdfootnote8sym\">8<\/a> Mansour, Marwan George. Implications of international policies on national legislation a case study of Law 220 for the Rights of the Disabled in Lebanon. M.A. Thesis, American University of Beirut, 2001<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote9\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote9anc\" name=\"sdfootnote9sym\">9<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span>1981<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote10\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote10anc\" name=\"sdfootnote10sym\">10<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote11\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote11anc\" name=\"sdfootnote11sym\">11<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote12\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote12anc\" name=\"sdfootnote12sym\">12<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote13\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote13anc\" name=\"sdfootnote13sym\">13<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote14\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote14anc\" name=\"sdfootnote14sym\">14<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0634\u060c \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span>: <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a <\/span>1982 \u2013 1992. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/span>: <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c <\/span>1997<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote15\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote15anc\" name=\"sdfootnote15sym\">15<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a <\/span>1970-1990. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/span>: <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c <\/span>2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote16\">\n<p><a href=\"#sdfootnote16anc\" name=\"sdfootnote16sym\">16<\/a><span lang=\"es-ES\"> Hamdan, Kamal. &#8220;Les Libanais Face \u00e0 la Crise \u00c9conomique et Sociale.&#8221; <\/span>Maghreb-Machrek, no. 124-125, July-Dec. 1989, pp. 19\u201339.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote17\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote17anc\" name=\"sdfootnote17sym\">17<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c <\/span>13 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <\/span>1987<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote18\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote18anc\" name=\"sdfootnote18sym\">18<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c <\/span>14 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/span>1987<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote19\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote19anc\" name=\"sdfootnote19sym\">19<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote20\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote20anc\" name=\"sdfootnote20sym\">20<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote21\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote21anc\" name=\"sdfootnote21sym\">21<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span>1978 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span>1984. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote22\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote22anc\" name=\"sdfootnote22sym\">22<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 <\/span>\u00ab<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span>\u00bb <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <\/span>7 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 <\/span>1840<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0641<\/span>. <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote23\">\n<p><a href=\"#sdfootnote23anc\" name=\"sdfootnote23sym\">23<\/a> Boustany, Nora. Disabled demonstrate in Beirut, Victims of war march for peace. Washington Post, 14 October 1987<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote24\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote24anc\" name=\"sdfootnote24sym\">24<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c <\/span>15 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <\/span>1987<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote25\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote25anc\" name=\"sdfootnote25sym\">25<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote26\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote26anc\" name=\"sdfootnote26sym\">26<\/a> &#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f <\/span>195 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c <\/span>15 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <\/span>1987<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote27\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote27anc\" name=\"sdfootnote27sym\">27<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote28\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote28anc\" name=\"sdfootnote28sym\">28<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote29\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote29anc\" name=\"sdfootnote29sym\">29<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span>&#8211;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u060c <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span>&#8211;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627<\/span>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote30\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote30anc\" name=\"sdfootnote30sym\">30<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c <\/span>16 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <\/span>1987<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote31\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote31anc\" name=\"sdfootnote31sym\">31<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0646 <\/span>&#8220;<span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span>&#8221; <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631<\/span>: <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c <\/span>16 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <\/span>1987<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote32\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote32anc\" name=\"sdfootnote32sym\">32<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote33\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote33anc\" name=\"sdfootnote33sym\">33<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote34\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote34anc\" name=\"sdfootnote34sym\">34<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote35\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote35anc\" name=\"sdfootnote35sym\">35<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c <\/span>22 <span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/span>1987<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote36\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote36anc\" name=\"sdfootnote36sym\">36<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote37\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote37anc\" name=\"sdfootnote37sym\">37<\/a> <span lang=\"ar-SA\"><span lang=\"ar-LB\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote38\">\n<p><a href=\"#sdfootnote38anc\" name=\"sdfootnote38sym\">38<\/a> Kingston, Paul W. T.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote39\">\n<p><a href=\"#sdfootnote39anc\" name=\"sdfootnote39sym\">39<\/a> Kingston, Paul W. T.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631: \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 (1982\u20131990)\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a01985\u00a0\u06481987\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":185,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=179"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":200,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179\/revisions\/200"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialmovement.lebanesestudies.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}